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Conference Of Rulers Information

Jumlah paparan: 3125

The rulers of the Malay states were, in the past, absolute monarchs who wielded legislative, executive and judicial powers. They ruled their states according to their own policies, assisted by the various categories of office bearers. At the time of the Melaka Sultanate, these officials were headed by the Bendahara (a position equivalent to a prime minister in modern times).

The conquest of Melaka by the Portuguese and the Dutch in 1511 and 1641 respectively did not change the traditional structure of the Malay Sultanate. In early 1874, the British interfered in the administration of the Malay Sultanate. The sultans remained the sovereign rulers of the states but were bound by treaty to accept the advice of a British Resident, Adviser or General Adviser.

To expand their political dominance over the Malay Sultanate (Terengganu was the last state to accept a British adviser in 1919), the British centralised their administrative power by forming the Federated Malay States (which consisted of Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang) in 1896 and subsequently establish a Federal Council in 1909, whose members consisted of four Malay rulers, chaired by the British High Commissioner.

Although the British acknowledged the sovereignty of the Malay Sultanate, the Malay rulers’ role was relegated to mere ceremonial duties relating to customs and religious matters.

Even though the present Conference of Rulers was formally established under the Constitution, the name of the Conference cannot be separated from the Malay Sultanate which served as the cornerstone of the monarchy system or institution in Malaysia. As such, the early history of the establishment of the Conference of Rulers should also begin with a quick look at the emergence of the present Malay Sultanate. It is important to look at the relationships among the royal families in Malaysia today, which had given rise to an environment that eventually led to the establishment of the Conference.

The emergence and status of the Malay Sultanate are linked to the Melaka Sultanate. Although not deemed the oldest sultanate, considering that the Kedah Sultanate was founded around the 13th century, the Melaka Sultanate played a significant role in establishing palace traditions and customs which were later inherited by subsequent sultanates. Moreover, the Melaka Sultanate also played a role in establishing and strengthening many of the present sultanates.

Of the nine existing sultanates, only the Perak Sultanate has a direct link to the Melaka Sultanate as it was established from the Melaka Sultanate before it fell to the Portuguese in 1511.

The Kedah Sultanate, which once enjoyed the protection of the Melaka Sultanate, possesses royal regalia including nobat instruments presented by the Melaka Sultanate. The Selangor Sultanate, although founded by the Bugis in the 18th century, was given recognition by the Perak Sultanate which had direct links to the rulers of Melaka. Other sultanates, such as Johor, Pahang, Kelantan and Terengganu, emerged after the lineage of the Melaka Sultanate died out. Clearly, these sultanates had filled the void left by the Melaka Sultanate after it fell to the Portuguese and continued the legacy of the Melaka Sultanate. The same holds true for Negeri Sembilan where its rulers had originated from Sumatra. Thereafter, the British intervened in the Malay states, starting with the Pangkor Treaty in 1874 and ended with the British agreement with Johor in 1914.

The position of the Malay rulers as the sovereign rulers remained unchanged. This was the position of the rulers according to the law, even though in reality their independence or sovereignty might not have been absolute. This principle had been declared by several different court decisions, which might have differed from the position of the Malay rulers under the Malayan Union. Nevertheless, the rulers had to acquiesce to the demands and pressures exerted by the British. Although such pressures could be questioned in the court of law, the British had the power to compel the Malay rulers to abide by their directives.

With British intervention in the Malay states, a grouping similar to a federation was formed in 1895. The grouping was known as the Federated Malay States comprising the states of Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang. Four Malay rulers sat in the Federal Council whose function was to outline the policies implemented by legislation at the state level through the State Councils. The Malay rulers retained legislative power albeit with respect to the Constitution only. The British were the ones in charge of formulating and controlling all administrative policies and their implementation in the Federated Malay States. This was not what the rulers had bargained for when they signed the treaty with the British. As a result, conflicts occurred after the Pangkor Treaty, which ended with the banishment of Sultan Abdullah.

On 1 July 1896, the British formed the Federated Malay States and immediately laid down that a meeting between the Malay rulers and the British be held to identify the problems faced by the Malay states. The British named this meeting the durbar. The name originated from the Urdu-Persian word ‘darbar’ which means ‘noble court’. It also means a public gathering or conference held by the rulers of the states or
governors or British viceroys. The purpose of the meeting was to strengthen ties between the rulers and the British.

The first durbar meeting was scheduled to be held at the end of 1896 but had to be postponed because Sultan Abdul Samad of Selangor fell ill. The meeting was eventually held in Kuala Kangsar on 13 July 1897. It lasted four days and was attended by Sultan Idris Murshidul'adzam Shah of Perak, Sultan Ahmad of Pahang, Sultan Abdul Samad of Selangor and Yamtuan Besar Muhammad of Negeri Sembilan.

The British were represented by Sir Charles Mitchell (Governor of the Straits Settlements and High Commissioner of the Federated Malay States), Frank Swettenham (Resident-General of the Federated Malay States), Hugh Clifford (British Resident in Pahang), JP Rodger (British Resident in Selangor) and WH Treacher (British Resident in Perak). Negeri Sembilan was unrepresented as its Resident, Martin Lister, had passed away in February 1897.

Kuala Kangsar was chosen as the venue for the first durbar meeting as the British enjoyed a close relationship with Sultan Idris. However the good relations between Sultan Idris and the British ended in 1916, following the death of Sultan Idris. Prior to his death, the British High Commissioner often consulted with His Highness who served as raison d'etre for the formulation of various policies.

The second durbar meeting convened in July 1903 in the federal capital of Kuala Lumpur. The Governor of the Straits Settlements at the time was Sir Frank Swettenham, who was also High Commissioner of the Federated Malay States. The following is a summary by Sir Frank Swettenham regarding the two meetings. On the first durbar meeting, he wrote in his official report:

"From every point of view the meeting has been an unqualified success, and it is difficult to estimate now the present and prospective value of this unprecedented gathering of Malay sultans, rajas, and chiefs. Never in the history of Malaya has any such assemblage even been imagined. I doubt whether anybody has ever heard of one ruler of a state making a ceremonial visit to another; but to have been able to collect together, in one place, the Sultans of Perak, Selangor, Pahang and the Negri Sembilan is a feat that might well have been regarded as impossible.

"The deliberations of the Council were both interesting and useful, and there is no doubt that, in some respects, we could not have arrived at the same ends by any other means than the meeting of the rajas of the Federated States and their responsible advisers. All the proceedings of the Council were conducted in the Malay language, and I am convinced that, if ever it were necessary to introduce interpretation, no such successful meetings as those just concluded could ever be held. The sultans and all their chiefs spoke on all the subjects which interested them, without either hesitation or difficulty, and on matters concerning the Muhammadan religion, Malay customs, and questions which specially touch the well-being of Malays, it would be impossible to find elsewhere such knowledge and experience as is possessed by those present at the recent meetings."

On the second durbar meeting, he wrote:

"Again, the deliberations of the assembly, after much interesting discussion, resulted in a number of important decisions chiefly connected with matters in which the Malay population was specially concerned. This Conference was rendered notable by the fact that the rulers of all the western states were conveyed to Kuala Lumpur by train, only the Sultan of Pahang and his chiefs having to travel by sea, and also by reason of a remarkable speech delivered by the Sultan of Perak at the close of the proceedings, when His Highness gave a graphic account of British intervention in the Malay states, and the benefits which had been conferred on the country and people by the adoption of British methods of administration. He told clearly about the British entry in the states of Malaya and the benefit derived by the Malays from the British who introduced their administration. The sultan spoke freely of his own and his people's early suspicions and distrust of the white man and how they had gradually changed their minds."

Although on the whole the meeting was to increase goodwill among its members, it had no impact on administration. The durbar merely served as an advisory body. The matters discussed were limited to programmes on fishery, water sports, amateur theatre, picnicking at waterfalls, fireworks and other forms of entertainment. Despite the assertion of importance of the durbar meeting by Swettenham, there was a 6-year gap between the first and the second meetings for Swettenham was of the opinion that these meetings should not be held every year.

The second durbar meeting was more meaningful. Although Sultan Idris commended the efforts of the British at the end of the meeting, he actually expressed dissatisfaction during the meeting proper. He urged that more Malays be appointed to serve the government and that they be elected to higher offices. He also objected to the leaning towards consolidation. He did not favour a federation, and cited a Malay proverb which said that there should not be two captains on a ship; and therefore, it would be impossible for four Malay rulers to rule over one country.

He also reminded the British that the Pangkor Treaty provided that the Resident-General could only act as an adviser, that the affairs of each state should be governed by officials of the state, and that the government of a state should remain as a separate entity. But the British were not overly concerned about the issues brought up by Sultan Idris. Plans to incorporate the Malays into the civil service were only implemented in 1910, but not as a result of a durbar meeting. In 1927, the policy of decentralisation was declared although its implementation was put on hold until the mid-1930s.

The Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan had also filed an important motion recommending the use of Malay as the official language of the Federation rather than English as it would be more appropriate considering that the Malay language was widely used by both the general public and nobles alike: “Its use in daily communication and official documents would be advantageous and beneficial to the people."

WH Treacher, the Resident-General at the time, diplomatically objected to the motion. According to him, English was the language of the civil service, the language of most of the non-Malay population, the language of British India, the language of local businessmen, and also the language in Europe and America. In the end, a decision was reached in favour of the use of English.

In the years that followed, the British took steps to further strengthen the position of the federal government by forming the Federal Council in 1909. The establishment of this council had been proposed by Swettenham’s successor, Sir John Anderson, who was Governor of the Straits Settlements and High Commissioner of the Federated Malay States. The Federal Council was also composed of the four Malay rulers at the time. It was headed by the British High Commissioner. This was an attempt to assert his position as Chief Executive of the Federation, even though the Resident-General had held the post since 1896.

With the inclusion of the Malay rulers in the Federal Council, the durbar meeting was no longer held, until 1927, when the Council was restructured and the Malay rulers withdrew from the Council.

The end of the First World War brought significant changes in the administration of the Malay states. The British finally forced Terengganu to accept a British Adviser. It was the last state in Malaya to sign a treaty “inviting” the British to appoint an officer to advise the Ruler.

After establishing a strong presence in the Malay Peninsula, the British attempted to unite the states in Malaya. But to do so, the Malay rulers of the Unfederated States needed assurance that their power would not be reduced after unification. To convince them, the British re-established the Federal Council. The Malay rulers withdrew from the Council. In their stead, four Malay representatives (one from each state) were appointed. However, the representative from the state of Perak, Raja Chulan, had already been a member of the Council since 1924. Subsequently, in the same year (1927), the Governor of the Straits Settlements and High Commissioner of the Federated Malay States, Sir Laurence Guillemard, introduced the decentralisation policy which, when implemented, would result in returning, in part, administrative control to the Federated Malay States.

However, the decentralisation policy was opposed by both the European and Asian business community for they feared that it might reduce the efficiency in administration. The main opponent to this policy was Sir George Maxwell, Chief Secretary (a title previously known as Resident-General) of the Federated Malay States. The relations between the Resident-General/Chief Secretary and the High Commissioner had, in general, been difficult as both wanted to establish their position as the Chief Executive of the Federated Malay States. As a result, the decentralisation policy only started to gain momentum in the mid 1930s when Sir Shenton Thomas was appointed Governor and High Commissioner.

Meanwhile, the durbar was revived and held for the first time in August 1927 in Kuala Kangsar before Guillemard’s departure from Malaya. The purpose of the meeting was to achive the political objective of the decentralisation policy, namely to establish the “Federation of Malaya”. It was believed that the durbar would help facilitate communication, not only among the Malay rulers of the Federated Malay States, but also in future between the rulers of the Federated Malay States and the rulers of the Unfederated Malay States.

However, Guillemard’s successor, Sir Hugh Clifford, who had served in Malaya a few years prior, failed to pursue the decentralisation policy in earnest. Frequently suffering from ill health, he was succeeded by Sir Cecil Clementi in 1930. During the Clementi administration, the durbar meeting received greater attention. In the very year of his appointment, the fourth durbar meeting convened in October in Singapore. For the first time, the meeting was held outside a Federated Malay State and it also the first time the rulers of the Unfederated Malay States had been invited to attend.

Clementi campaigned hard for administrative reforms and openly announced his vision for Malaya at a durbar meeting which convened in Seri Menanti on 18 August 1931. The rulers of the Unfederated Malay States had not been invited to this meeting. Clementi later informed the Federal Council and the Legislative Council of the Straits Settlements of his plan to form the Malayan Union and to decentralise the authority of the Federated States.

In his opinion, a major obstacle to obtaining the co-operation of the states of Malaya was the departure of the Federated Malay States from the original purpose of their establishment, in that the four states should be placed “on the same constitutional principle” as the Unfederated Malay States. As such, it had become necessary to unravel the close ties of the federation so that “it could be expanded to encompass other political entities in the peninsula”. For Clementi, this action would promote understanding in all areas of common interest among the states of Malaya and subsequently, “foster brotherhood among the states in Malaya, each maintaining its own history and autonomy, but working together for the betterment of the Malays in the peninsula as well as the immigrants who had made this country their homeland.”

Clementi remained insistent and unrelenting in his effort to devolve more political and administrative powers to the Malay rulers and their respective state governments and in doing so, reduced the authority of the Federal Government in Kuala Lumpur. In doing so, he gained the trust of the Malay rulers, and the durbar meeting became the only platform on which the Malay rulers were able to voice out their concerns over the future of the Malays, particularly with regard to immigration control or the lack of it. However, Clementi’s actions had angered the business community and the bureaucrats. He was recalled in 1934.

His successor, Sir Shenton Thomas, made further strides to decentralise power, and under his administration, two more durbar meetings were held before the outbreak of the Second World War, one in 1937 and the last on 25 November 1939 in Klang, Selangor.

Although the durbar meeting was originally introduced as a platform for discussion, it became an institution that won the trust of the Malays and subsequently became the official voice as British policies had to be defended publicly since they represented the will of the rulers. Generally, the Colonial Office made concessions to allow such a request since from a legal standpoint the Malay rulers were sovereign rulers. As noted by Abdul Aziz Bari, “Basically, the durbar meeting portrayed a shared responsibility of the Malay rulers as protectors of the Malays.”"

The Conference of Rulers was formally established in 1948 to replace the Council of Rulers of the Federated States (also known as Durbar), which first convened in Kuala Kangsar in 1897. The Council then comprised four rulers of the states of Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang. The first Conference of Rulers meeting was held on 18 February 1948 where it was attended by the rulers of all nine Malay states.

Between 1948 and 1957, the Conference of Rulers met 50 times. The contributions made for the welfare of the Malays included:

Establishment of the Conference of Rulers Higher Education Scholarship Fund (8th meeting, 1949);
Limiting the influx of labour from China and India; and
Use of Malay as the official language, although not as the national language.

Initially, Dato' Onn Jaafar, Dato' Panglima Bukit Gantang, Dato' Abdul Wahab, Dato' Nik Ahmad Kamil Mahmood and Dato' Hamzah bin Abdullah, being the Menteri Besar of Johor, Perak, Kelantan and Selangor respectively, played important roles during the Conference of Rulers meetings.

"This Conference is the supreme institution in the country. Although the Conference may not have the authority to enact laws or impose taxes or restrict public spending, it still exerts great influence. It serves as a liaison body between the Federal Government and the State Government at the highest levels. The meeting, attended by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and the Prime Minister on behalf of the Federal Government, the rulers and the Yang di-Pertua Negeri together with their respective Menteri Besar or Chief Ministers, serves as a platform to discuss problems faced by the states, and since these meetings are held on a strictly confidential basis, they may speak frankly but respectfully. For the Prime Minister, such a meeting is an important forum to explain further the federal policies that have already been implemented and those that are yet to be implemented"

The Conference of Rulers is not only supreme but also unique as it is the only such institution in the world today.

The Conference of Rulers is also superior in several ways as certain provisions of the Federal Constitution cannot be amended by Parliament alone but must have the approval of the Conference of Rulers. These provisions include:

Amendment to Article 153 regarding the special position of the Malays and bumiputera and the legitimate interests of other communi.
Amendment to Article 152 regarding the sovereignty of Malay as the national and official language.
Amendments to other provisions.

A law altering the boundaries of a state may be enacted by Parliament, but it cannot be passed without the consent of that state (expressed by a law made by the legislature of that state) and of the Conference of Rulers. This is stated in Article 2 of the Federal Constitution.

In the history of our country, the provisions of Article 2 pertaining to altering the boundaries of a state have been enforced 3 times.

Establishment of the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur in 1973, which was acquired from Selangor.
Resolution of a border dispute between the states of Kedah and Penang.
Establishment of the Federal Territory of Labuan in 1984.

The Conference of Rulers was officially established in 1948, the year the Federation of Malaya was established. Prior to the era of the Malayan Union between 01.04.1946 and 31.01.1948, the nine Malay States and two Straits Settlements were under the administration of a British Governor. Singapore, also a Straits Settlement, was separated as a British Crown Colony. The Malayan Union was the successor to the British Military Administration. The British Military Administration (September 1945-April 1946) was the interim administration after the defeat of Japan, which invaded the country from late 1941 to September 1945.

Before that, between 1896 and 1941, the states in the peninsula were governed separately, i.e. five states comprising Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan, Terengganu and Johor formed the Unfederated Malay States and four states comprising Pahang, Perak, Selangor and Negeri Sembilan formed the Federated Malay States. The three states of Penang, Melaka and Singapore formed the Straits Settlements.

The Federated Malay States organised the durbar, a forum jointly organised by the rulers and the British administrators that met from time to time. The durbar is the precursor to the present Conference of Rulers.

The Conference of Rulers is not only supreme but also unique as it is the only such institution in the world. After the country gained independence, the Conference of Rulers was established in accordance with Article 38 of the Federal Constitution. The functions and duties of the Conference of Rulers as provided in Federal Constitution are as follows:-

Electing, in accordance with the provisions of the Third Schedule, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and the Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong;
Agreeing or disagreeing to the extension of any religious acts, observances or ceremonies to the Federation as a whole;
Consenting or withholding consent to any law and making or giving advice on any appointment which under this Constitution requires the consent of the Conference or is to be made by or after consultation with the Conference;
Appointing members of the Special Court under Clause (1) of Article 182;
Granting pardons, reprieves and respites, or remitting, suspending or commuting sentences under Clause (12) of Article 42 and may deliberate on matters of national policy (for example changes in immigration policy) and any other matter that it deems fit

When the Conference deliberates on matters of national policy, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall be accompanied by the Prime Minister, and the other rulers and the Yang di-Pertua Negeri by their Chief Ministers.

No law directly affecting the privileges, position, honours or dignities of the rulers shall be passed without the consent of the Conference of Rulers.

The Conference of Rulers shall be consulted before any change is made to the policy affecting administrative action under Article 153 (on the special position of the Malays, the Bumiputera and the legitimate interests of other communities).

The Conference of Rulers also appoints:

a representative to sit on the Armed Forces Council pursuant to Article 137 of the Federal Constitution.
a representative to sit on the Board of Governors of Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka in accordance with the relevant act.

All the rulers and the Yang di-Pertua Negeri shall automatically become members of the Conference of Rulers. Attendance is essential. If for some unavoidable reason a member is unable to attend, then a representative shall be appointed by the member concerned in accordance with the provisions of the state law/constitution.

The Yang di-Pertua Negeri do not participate when the Conference of Rulers meets to decide on matters pertaining to the election or removal of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and the Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong and those pertaining to the privileges of the Malay rulers.

The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is not a member of the Conference of Rulers but attends the meetings as the head of state, accompanied by the Prime Minister as his advisor.

Chairman

Every meeting of the Conference of Rulers is chaired by one of the nine Malay rulers, who is appointed in rotation. Only a reigning Malay ruler may preside over the meeting, not a regent or the Yang di-Pertua Negeri

Frequency of Meetings

The Conference of Rulers generally meets three times a year. Nevertheless, the Keeper of the Rulers’ Seal may convene a meeting of the Conference of Rulers when required to do so by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or by at least three members of the Conference. Meetings will also be convened not later than four weeks before the end of the 5-year term of office of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, or whenever there is a vacancy in the office of either the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or the Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong.

Advisor

The Menteri Besar and Chief Ministers of the states in attendance shall serve as advisers to Their Royal Highnesses the rulers and Their Excellencies the Yang di-Pertua Negeri.

Secretary

As provided in the Fifth Schedule [Article 38] of the Federal Constitution, the person appointed by the Conference of Rulers as the Keeper of the Rulers’ Seal shall act as the Secretary to the Conference of Rulers.

Meeting Venue

The Conference generally meets at the National Palace (Istana Negara) or at other venues as agreed by the Conference.

Secretariat

The Office of the Keeper of the Rulers’ Seal shall serve as the Secretariat to the Conference of Rulers.


Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Al-Wathiqu Billah Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin Ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah
Darjah Kebesaran	D.K.M., D.K.T., D.K.R., D.M.N., S.U.M.Z., S.S.M.T., S.P.M.T., D.K.,(Perlis), D.K.(Johor), D.K.M.B.(Brunei), D.K.(Perak), D.K.(Negeri Sembilan), D.K.(Kedah), D.K.(Kelantan), D.K.(Selangor), S.P.M.J., Commandeur de la Legion d'Honneur (France), The Most Auspicious Order of The Rajamitrabhorn (Thailand), Collar De La Orden Al Merito De Chile (Chile), Necklace of Independence (Qatar), Bintang Republik Indonesia ADIPURNA (Indonesia).
Tarikh/Tempat Keputeraan	22 Januari 1962 di Bandar Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman
Naik Takhta/Tabal	Takhta: 15 Mei 1998 / 4 Mac 1999
Pendidikan	1. Sekolah Rendah Sultan Sulaiman, Kuala Terengganu 2. Sekolah Menengah Sultan Sulaiman, Kuala Terengganu 3. Geelong Grammar di Melbourne, Australia (1980-1981) 4. International University - Europe, England (1988)
Kor.Kol Kehormat	1. Kolonel Yang Di-Pertua Kor. Ordnans DiRaja 2. Kolonel Yang Di-Pertua Kor. Armor DiRaja
Canselor IPTA/IPTA	UiTM
Yang di-Pertuan Agong	Ketigabelas (13.12.2006-12.12.2011)
Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong	1. Kesebelas (26.04.1999-12.12.2001) 2. Keduabelas (13.12.2001-12.12.2006)


Duli Yang Maha Mulia Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin Ibni Almarhum Tuanku Syed Putra Jamalullail
Darjah Kebesaran	D.K.P., D.K., S.S.P.J., D.K.M., D.M.N., D.K. (Perak), D.K (Negeri Sembilan), D.K. (Kedah), D.K. (Kelantan), D.K.M.B. (Brunei), D.K. (Selangor), D.K. (Pahang), D.K. II (Terengganu), S.P.M.J., S.P.C.M., S.S.M.T., Grand Order of King Tomislav (Croatia), Grand Collier De L'Independence (Grand Medal of the Independence) - Cambodia, Grand Croix De L'Ordre (Royal Sash) - Cambodia, Cavaliere Di Gran Croce Decorato Di Gran Cordone (Italy), Qiladah Badr Al-Kubra (Arab Saudi), Decoration of Omayad - The Finest Decoration (Syria), Knight of the Royal Order of the Seraphim (Sweden), Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure (Japan).
Tarikh/Tempat Keputeraan	17 Mei 1943 di Bandar Diraja Arau, Perlis
Naik Takhta/Tabal	Takhta: 17 April 2000 Tabal: 7 Mei 2001
Pendidikan	Sekolah Melayu Arau (sekarang Sek. Keb. Tengku Budriah); Sek. Rendah Wellesley, Pulau Pinang (1955); Penang Free School; Wellingborough Public School, England (1963); dan Akademi Tentera Diraja Sandhurst, United Kingdom (1964-1965)
Kor.Kol Kehormat	Kolonel Yang DiPertua Kor Polis Tentera Diraja; dan Kolonel Yang DiPertua Rejimen Kor Renjer Diraja
Canselor IPTA/IPTA	Cancelor Universiti Sains Malaysia
Yang di-Pertuan Agong	Keduabelas (13.12.2001-12.12.2006)
Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong	-


Duli Yang Maha Mulia Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah Alhaj Ibni Almarhum Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Alhaj
Darjah Kebesaran	D.K., D.M.N., D.K. (Terengganu), D.K. (Kelantan), D.K. (Perak), D.K. (Perlis), D.K. (Negeri Sembilan), D.K. (Kedah), D.K. (Johor), S.P.M.S., S.S.I.S., S.P.M.J., Commandeur de la Legion d'Honneur (France).
Tarikh/Tempat Keputeraan	24 Disember 1945 di Istana Jemaah, Klang, Selangor (sekarang dikenali Kolej Islam Sultan Alah Shah, Klang)
Naik Takhta/Tabal	Takhta: 22 November 2001 Tabal: 8 Mac 2003
Pendidikan	Sek. Men. Raja Muda, Kuala Lumpur; St. John Institution, Kuala Lumpur (1954-1959); Perth, Australia (1960-1964); dan England (1965-1968)
Kor.Kol Kehormat	Kapten Yang DiPertua Tentera Laut Diraja Malaysia
Canselor IPTA/IPTA	Canselor Universiti Putra Malaysia
Yang di-Pertuan Agong	-
Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong	-


Duli Yang Maha Mulia Tuanku Muhriz Ibni Almarhum Tuanku Munawir
Darjah Kebesaran	D.K., D.M.N., D.K. (Perak), D.K. (Perlis), D.K. (Selangor), D.K. (Kedah), D.K. (Kelantan), D.K. (Johor), D.K. (Terengganu), D.K.Y.R., P.P.T.
Tarikh/Tempat Keputeraan	14 Januari 1948 di Istana Seri Menanti, Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan
Naik Takhta/Tabal	Takhta: 29 Disember 2008 Tabal: 26 Oktober 2009
Pendidikan	Sekolah Tuanku Muhammad, Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan; Sekolah Tunku Besar Tampin, Negeri Sembilan; Sekolah George V, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan; Aldenham School, Elstree; dan University of Wales Aberystwyth
Kor.Kol Kehormat	Kolonel Yang DiPertua Rejimen Semboyan DiRaja; dan Kor Jurutera Letrik dan Jentera DiRaja
Canselor IPTA/IPTA	Canselor Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Yang di-Pertuan Agong	-
Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong	-


Duli Yang Maha Mulia Sultan Ibrahim Ibni Almarhum Sultan Iskandar
Darjah Kebesaran	DK (JOHOR), DK (PERAK0, DK (KELANTAN), DK (PERLIS), DK (SELANGOR), DK (NEGERI SEMBILAN), DK (TERENGGANU), DKMB (BRUNEI), SPMJ, SSIJ, SPMT, SMN, SPMK, SPMP, PIS
Tarikh/Tempat Keputeraan	22 November 1958 di Hospital Besar Johor Bahru (sekarang Hospital Sultanah Aminah)
Naik Takhta/Tabal	23 Januari 2010
Pendidikan	Sek. Temenggong Abdul Rahman (1), Johor Bahru, Johor Trinity Grammer School, Australia (1968-1970) Pusat Latihan Tentera Darat (PULADA), Kota Tinggi, Johor Fort Benning Georgia, Amerika Syarikat Fort Wracker, Amerika Syarikat; dan The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, USA.
Kor.Kol Kehormat
Canselor IPTA/IPTA
Yang di-Pertuan Agong	31 Januari 2024 - Kini
Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong	-


Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Sultan Muhammad ke-V
Darjah Kebesaran	D.K., D.K.M, D.M.N., D.K. (Selangor), D.K. (Negeri Sembilan), D.K. (Johor), D.K. (Perak), D.K. (Perlis), D.K. (Kedah), D.K.(Terengganu), S.P.M.K., S.J.M.K., S.P.K.K., S.P.S.K.
Tarikh/Tempat Keputeraan	6 Oktober 1969 di Kota Bharu, Kelantan
Naik Takhta/Tabal	Takhta: 13 September 2010
Pendidikan	Sekolah Rendah Sultan Ismail 1, Kota Bharu; Alice Smith School, Jalan Bellamy, Kuala Lumpur; Oakham School, Rutland, England (1989); St. Cross College and Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies (1989-1991); Huron University College, London; Deutsche Stiftung Internationale Entwicklung (1990); European Business School London
Kor.Kol Kehormat
Canselor IPTA/IPTA
Yang di-Pertuan Agong	13.12.2016 - 6.1.2019
Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong	Keempatbelas (13.12.2011 - 12.12.2016)


Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah Al-Maghfur-Lah
Darjah Kebesaran	D.K., D.K.S.A., D.K.A., D.M.N., D.K.(Kelantan), D.K.(Selangor), D.K.N.S., D.K.(Perlis), D.K 1 (Johor), D.K. (Pahang), PhD (Harvard).
Tarikh/Tempat Keputeraan	27 November 1956 di Pulau Pinang.
Naik Takhta/Tabal	Takhta: 29 Mei 2014 Tabal: -
Pendidikan	Kolej Melayu Kuala Kangsar Ijazah Doktor Falsafah dalam bidang Politik, Ekonomi dan Kerajaan dari Universiti Harvard, Amerika Syarikat. Ijazah Sarjana Muda dalam bidang Falsafah, Politil dan Ekonomi dari Universiti Oxford, England. Ijazah Sarjana dalam Bidang Pentadbiran Awam dari Universiti Harvard, Amerika Syarikat.
Kor.Kol Kehormat
Canselor IPTA/IPTA	Felo Kehormat Worcester College, Universiti Oxford dan juga Magdalene College. Fellow DiRaja Institusi Pertahanan dan Keselamatan Malaysia Fellow DiRaja kepada Pusat Kewangan Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia.
Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong	13.12.2016 - sekarang


Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Al Aminul Karim Sultan Sallehuddin Ibni Almarhum Sultan Badlishah
Darjah Kebesaran	D.K., D.K.S., D.K.H., D.M.N., D.U.K., D.K. (Kelantan), D.K. (Johor), D.K. (Perak), D.K. (Selangor), D.K. (Negeri Sembilan), D.K. (Perlis), D.K. (Pahang), D.M.K., S.M.D.K., S.S.S.K., S.H.M.S., S.G.M.K., S.P.M.K., S.S.D.K., S.S.P.K.
Tarikh/Tempat Keputeraan	30 April 1942 di Alor Setar, Kedah.
Naik Takhta/Tabal	12hb. September 2017
Pendidikan	Sekolah Melayu Alor Merah. Kolej Sultan Abdul Hamid.
Kor.Kol Kehormat	Ahli Kehormat Persatuan Bekas Tentera Malaysia bahagian Negeri Kedah Darul Aman.
Canselor IPTA/IPTA	Pro Canselor 1, Kolej Universiti Insaniah (KUIN)
Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong


Kebawah Duli Paduka Baginda Sultan Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri'ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Al-Musta'in Billah
Darjah Kebesaran	D.K.P., D.K.M., D.K., D.M.N., S.S.A.P., S.I.M.P., D.K. (Terengganu), D.K. (Johor), S.P.M.J., D.K.M.B. (Brunei), D.K. (Kedah), D.K. (Perlis), D.K. (Perak), D.K. (Selangor), Order of The State of The Republic of Turkiye. Grand Cross Of The Order Of Saint -Charles (Monaco)
Tarikh/Tempat Keputeraan	30 Julai 1959 di Istana Manggal Tunggal, Pekan, Pahang.
Naik Takhta/Tabal	Takhta: 11 Januari 2019 Tabal:
Pendidikan	Sek. Ren. Ahmad, Pekan, Pahang (1966-1969); Sek. Ren. St. Thomas, Kuantan, Pahang (1970-1971); Sek. Men. St. Thomas, Kuantan, Pahang (1972-1974); Aldenham School, Elstree Hertfordshire-Advance School Davies College, London (1978-1979); Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, England (1979-1980); dan Worcester & Queen Elizabeth College (1979).
Canselor IPTA/IPTA	Canselor Universiti Kuala Lumpur Canselor Universiti Malaysia Pahang.
Yang di-Pertuan Agong	31 Januari 2019 - 30 Januari 2024
Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong


Tuan Yang Terutama Tun Datuk Seri Panglima (Dr.) Musa Bin Haji Aman
Darjah Kebesaran	S.M.N., P.S.M., S.P.M.B., S.P.D.K., D.G.S.M., J.M.N., P.G.D.K., J.P.
Tarikh/Tempat Kelahiran	30 Mac 1951 di Beaufort, Sabah.
Tarikh Dilantik	Dilantik menjadi Yang di-Pertua Negeri pada 1 Januari 2025 selama tempoh 4 tahun
Pendidikan	Maktab Sabah, Kota Kinabalu Tingkatan enam, Sekolah Menengah All Saints, Kota Kinabalu Menyambung pengajian di Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Master in Business Administration (MBA) dari Edith Cowan University, Australia.
Kor.Kol Kehormat
Canselor IPTA/IPTA


Tuan Yang Terutama Tun Pehin Sri Haji Wan Junaidi Bin Tuanku Jaafar
Darjah Kebesaran	S.M.N, S.B.S., P.S.M., P.N.B.S., D.G.S.M., P.J.N., J.S.M., J.B.S., P.B.S., P.P.C.J.I. (Emas)
Tarikh/Tempat Kelahiran	1 Februari 1946 di Sadong Jaya Simunjan, Sarawak
Tarikh Dilantik	Dilantik menjadi Yang di-Pertua Negeri pada 26 Januari 2024 selama tempoh 4 tahun.
Pendidikan	Menyambung pengajian dalam bidang undang-undang di University Of Buckingham, United Kingdom. Master Undang-undang dari Majlis Pendidikan Undang-Undang London. PhD dalam Business Administration (DBA) dari University Of Southern California, USA.
Kor.Kol Kehormat
Canselor IPTA/IPTA


Tuan Yang Terutama Tun Seri Setia (Dr.) Hj. Mohd Ali bin Mohd Rustam
Darjah Kebesaran	S.M.N., S.P.S.M., P.S.M., S.P.D.K., D.G.S.M., D.C.S.M., D.M.S.M., D.S.M., P.B.M.
Tarikh/Tempat Kelahiran	24 Ogos 1949 di Hospital Melaka
Tarikh Dilantik	Dilantik menjadi Yang di-Pertua Negeri pada 4 Jun 2020 selama tempoh 4 tahun. Dilantik semula menjadi Yang di-Pertua Negeri pada 4 Jun 2024 selama tempoh 4 tahun.
Pendidikan	Sekolan Rendah Semabok. Sekolah Tinggi Melaka. Ijazah Kepujian Sarjana Muda Kemasyarakatan (Ekonomi Pembangunan) dari Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). Ijazah Sarjana Sastera di Universiti Malaya (UM). Ijazah Kehormat Doktor Pengurusan (Pembangunan Belia) dari Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM). Ijazah Doktor Kehormat (Pengurusan ) dari Universiti Multimedia (MMU). Ijazah Doktor Falsafah (PhD) dari Jabatan Sejarah, Fakulti Sastera & Sains Sosial dari Universiti Malaya (UM).
Kor.Kol Kehormat

Canselor IPTA/IPTS


Tuan Yang Terutama Tun Dato' Seri Utama Ahmad Fuzi bin Haji Abdul Razak
Darjah Kebesaran	S.M.N., P.S.M., D.U.P.N., D.S.L.J. (Brunei), D.M.P.N., D.S.P.N., J.S.M., A.M.N.
Tarikh/Tempat Kelahiran	08 Januari 1949 / Sungai Bakap, Pulau Pinang
Tarikh Dilantik	Dilantik menjadi Yang di-Pertua Negeri pada 01 Mei 2021 selama tempoh 4 tahun.
Pendidikan	Sekolah Rendah - King Edward VII School Taiping - Stowell School Bukit Mertajam Sekolah Menengah - High School Bukit Mertajam Sekolah Menengah Tinggi - Anderson School Ipoh IPTA - University of Malaya (Bachelor of Arts (Hons) Sijil Diplomasi Tahun 1974 - Oxford University (UK Foreign Sevice Programme)
Kor.Kol Kehormat
Canselor IPTA/IPTA	Canselor Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) Julai 2021 - Disember 2023


Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Tengku Hassanal Ibrahim Alam Shah Ibni Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri'ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah
Darjah Kebesaran	D.K.(Terengganu), D.K., S.S.A.P.
Tarikh/Tempat Keputeraan
Tarikh Dilantik
Pendidikan
Canselor IPTA/IPTA


Duli Yang Teramat Mulia Tuanku Syed Faizuddin Putra Ibni Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin Jamalullail
Darjah Kebesaran	D.K., S.P.M.P, P.A.T.
Tarikh/Tempat Keputeraan	30 Disember 1967, Hospital Besar Alor Setar.
Tarikh Dilantik	1 Ogos 2000
Pendidikan	Sek. Ren. Keb. Putra, Kangar, Perlis (1974-1979); Sek. Men. Derma, Kangar, Perlis (1980-1982); Sek. Men. Penang Free, Pulau Pinang (1983); Carey Grammar School (1984-1985); dan La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne (1986)
Kor.Kol Kehormat	Komander Rejimen 504 Askar Wataniah
Canselor IPTA/IPTA	Canselor Universiti Malaysia Perlis (Unimap)(2003 Hingga Kini) – Dahulu Dikenali Sebagai Kolej Universiti Kejuruteraan Utara Malaysia (Kukum)dan Canselor Kolej Universiti Islam Perlis (Kuips)(2015 Hingga Kini).


Duli Yang Teramat Mulia Tengku Amir Shah Ibni Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah
Darjah Kebesaran	S.P.M.S., S.S.I.S., S.P.M.K.
Tarikh/Tempat Keputeraan	12 Disember 1990 di Pacific Presbyterian Hospital, San Francisco, Amerika Syarikat.
Tarikh Dilantik	3 Mei 2002
Pendidikan	San Francisco, Amerika Syarikat; Alice Smith School, Kuala Lumpur; dan Wellington College, England.
Canselor IPTA/IPTA


Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Tengku Muhammad Ismail Ibni Al-Wathiqu Billah Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin
Darjah Kebesaran	D.K., S.S.M.Z.
Tarikh/Tempat Keputeraan	1 Mac 1998 di Hospital Kuala Terengganu.
Tarikh Dilantik	12 Januari 2006
Pendidikan	Garden International School, Kuala Lumpur.
Canselor IPTA/IPTA


Yang Amat Mulia Tunku Ismail Ibni Sultan Ibrahim
Darjah Kebesaran
Tarikh/Tempat Keputeraan	30 Jun 1984, Johor Bahru, Johor.
Tarikh Dilantik	23 Januari 2010
Pendidikan
Canselor IPTA/IPTA


Yang Teramat Mulia Dr. Tengku Muhammad Fa-iz Petra Ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Ismail Petra
Darjah Kebesaran	D.K., S.P.M.K. Ph.D (UCL)
Tarikh/Tempat Keputeraan	20 Januari 1974 di Kota Bharu, Kelantan
Tarikh Dilantik	18 Oktober 2010
Pendidikan	Sek. Ren. Keb. Sultan Ismail II, Kota Bharu; Oakham, School, London; London School Of Economic (B.A History); Universita Di Firenze (Beginner + Intermediate) (Italian Language + Literature); University College Of London (M.A. Ancient History); University College Of London (M.Phil Ancient History); dan University College Of London (Phd History);
Canselor IPTA/IPTA


Duli Yang Teramat Mulia Raja Jaafar ibni Almarhum Raja Muda Musa
Darjah Kebesaran	D.K., D.K.A., S.P.C.M., J.S.M.
Tarikh/Tempat Keputeraan
Tarikh Dilantik	20 Jun 2014
Pendidikan
Canselor IPTA/IPTA


Duli Yang Teramat Mulia Tengku Sarafudin Badlishah Ibni Sultan Sallehuddin
Darjah Kebesaran	D.M.K., D.S.D.K.
Tarikh/Tempat Keputeraan	2 Mac 1967 di Alor Setar
Tarikh Dilantik
Pendidikan	1990 – 1991 : Holborn College, London United Kingdom; 1988 – 1990 : Brunel University, Uxbridge Middlesex United Kingdom, Bachelor of Laws (Hons); 1987 – 1988 : Kolej Damansara Utama, Petaling Jaya Selangor; 1985 – 1986 : SEA Park Secondary School, Petaling Jaya Selangor; 1980 – 1985 : Royal Military College, Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur.
Canselor IPTA/IPTA

His Majesty Seri Paduka Baginda The Yang di-Pertuan Agong XVI Al-Sultan Ibrahim Ibni Almarhun Sultan Iskandar, D.K(Johor), D.K (Perak), D.K (Kelantan), D.K. (Perlis), D.K (Selangor), D.K (Negeri Sembilan), D.K (Terengganu), D.K.M.B. (Brunei), S.P.M.J, S.S.I.J, S.P.M.T, S.M.N, S.P.M.K, S.P.M.P, P.I.S. - (Acceded to the throne of Johor Darul Takzim on 23 January 2010)

1. His Royal Highness the Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan - 14th January 2024
2. His Royal Highness the Sultan of Johor - 23th March 2024
3. His Royal Highness the Sultan of Terengganu - 26th April 2024
4. His Royal Highness the Raja of Perlis - 17th May 2024
5. His Royal Highness the Sultan of Kedah - 30th June 2024
6. His Royal Highness the Sultan of Pahang - 30th July 2024
7. His Royal Highness the Sultan Muhammad V - 29th & 30th September 2024
8. His Royal Highness the Sultan of Perak - 01st November 2024
9. His Royal Highness the Sultan of Selangor - 11th December 2024

YBhg. Dato' Jaba bin Mohd. Noah
Setiausaha Sulit Kanan kepada
KDYMM Seri Paduka Baginda Yang Di-Pertuan Agong XVII,
Istana Negara,
Jalan Tuanku Abdul Halim,
50480 Kuala Lumpur.

03-62001024 (Tel)
03-62052121 (Fax)

Brigedier Jeneral Norzahari Efandy bin Zakaria,
Setiausaha Sulit Kanan Kepada
Duli Yang Maha Mulia
Paduka Seri Sultan Perak Darul Ridzuan,
Istana Iskandariah,
33007 Kuala Kangsar,
PERAK DARUL RIDZUAN.

05-7761203 (Tel)
05-7763724 (Fax)

Datuk Pengelola Bijaya Diraja,
Istana Negara,
Jalan Sultan Abdul Halim,
50480 Kuala Lumpur.

03-62001000 / 62002000 (Tel)
03-62052121 (Fax)

Pengelola Bijaya Diraja Johor
Jabatan Diraja Johor,
Istana Besar,
80000 Johor Bahru,
Johor.

07-2220351 (Tel)
07-2230763 (Fax)

Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong Sultan Ibrahim ibni Almarhum Sultan Iskandar

Negeri : Johor

Tempoh : 31.01.2024 hingga kini

Yang di-Pertuan Agong Ketujuh Belas

Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri'ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Al-Musta'in Billah

Negeri : Pahang

Tempoh : 31.01.2019 hingga 30.01.2024

Keenam Belas

Almarhum Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Badlishah

Negeri : Kedah

Tempoh : 13.12.2011 hingga 12.12.2016

Keempat Belas

Sultan Muhammad V

Negeri : Kelantan

Tempoh : 13.12.2016 hingga 06.01.2019

Kelima Belas

Al-Wathiqu Billah Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah

Negeri : Terengganu

Tempoh : 13.12.2006 hingga 12.12.2011

Ketiga Belas

Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin ibni Almarhum Tuanku Syed Putra Jamalullail

Negeri : Perlis

Tempoh : 13.12.2001 hingga 12.12.2006

Kedua Belas

Almarhum Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Alhaj ibni Almarhum Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah Alhaj

Negeri : Selangor

Tempoh : 26.04.1999 hingga 21.11.2001

Kesebelas

Almarhum Tuanku Ja'afar ibni Almarhum Tuanku Abdul Rahman

Negeri : Negeri Sembilan

Tempoh : 26.04.1994 hingga 25.04.1999

Kesepuluh

Almarhum Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Yussuf Izzuddin Shah Ghafarullahu-lah

Negeri : Perak

Tempoh : 26.04.1989 hingga 25.04.1994

Kesembilan

Almarhum Sultan Iskandar ibni Almarhum Sultan Ismail

Negeri : Johor

Tempoh : 26.04.1984 hingga 25.04.1989

Kelapan

Almarhum Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Al-Musta’in Billah ibni Almarhum Sultan Abu Bakar Ri’ayatuddin Al-Mu’adzam Shah

Negeri : Pahang

Tempoh : 26.04.1979 hingga 25.04.1984

Ketujuh

Almarhum Sultan Yahya Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim

Negeri : Kelantan

Tempoh : 21.09.1975 hingga 29.03.1979

Keenam

Almarhum Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Badlishah

Negeri : Kedah

Tempoh : 21.09.1970 hingga 20.09.1975

Kelima

Almarhum Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Zainal Abidin

Negeri : Terengganu

Tempoh : 21.09.1965 hingga 20.09.1970

Keempat

Almarhum Tuanku Syed Putra Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Syed Hassan Jamalullail

Negeri : Perlis

Tempoh : 21.09.1960 hingga 20.09.1965

Ketiga

Almarhum Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Alaiddin Sulaiman Shah

Negeri : Selangor

Tempoh : 14.04.1960 hingga 01.09.1960

Kedua

Almarhum Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad

Negeri : Negeri Sembilan

Tempoh : 31.08.1957 hingga 01.04.1960

Pertama

Hubungi Kami

Penyimpan Mohor Besar Raja-Raja
Pejabat Penyimpan Mohor Besar Raja-Raja,
482, Jalan Bukit Petaling
50682 Kuala Lumpur

Telefon: 03-9224 5245
Faks: 03 - 9224 5246
E-mel: urusetia[at]majlisraja-raja.gov.my

Setiausaha,
Kumpulan Wang Biasiswa Pengajian Tinggi Raja-Raja Dan Yang di-Pertua-Yang di-Pertua Negeri,
482, Jalan Bukit Petaling
50682 Kuala Lumpur

Telefon: 03-9224 5261
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E-mel: biasiswarajaraja[at]gmail.com

Bilangan Pelawat

029889

Tarikh Kemaskini

19.05.2026.